The Effect of Implemented Heritage Building Projects On Outstanding Universal Value: The Case of Erbil Citadel
Volume 12 , Issue 1 , December 2025 , Pages 74-103
Authors
Kosrat Qadir 1 ; Fouad Jalal Mahmood 2
1 Salahaddin University, Architectural Department, Erbil, Iraq
2 University of Sulaimani, College of Engineering, Architecture Engineering Dept. , Sulaimani , KR, Iraq
10.17656/sjes.102005
Keywords
Abstract
The preservation of outstanding universal value is a key criterion for inscription on the World Heritage List (WHL). This study investigates the impact of implemented rehabilitation projects on the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) with a particular focus on the authenticity and integrity. The research applies a mixed method utilizing quantitative analysis with expert evaluations. A detailed questionnaire is provided with a virtual tour. The virtual tour containing information about all three projects in Erbil Citadel as World Heritage Site indicators. The questionnaire was structured based on the Nara Grid and UNESCO operational guidelines (OGs). And qualitative inductive content analysis. The projects were selected based on the types of physical and functional interventions in rehabilitation projects . The results reveal a positive and statistically significant effect of the rehabilitation efforts on the authenticity, integrity, and overall OUV. The Erbil Citadel projects demonstrate that when conservation is carefully planned and aligned with international standards, it can sustain and even enhance Outstanding Universal Value. The study emphasized the importance of both tangible and intangible aspects of authenticity and components of integrity. Moreover, reinforces the idea that authenticity and integrity are complementary and must be addressed together to preserve OUV.